Crime, Moral Panics and the Media Essay - 1726 Words

Most people use second hand information as their core source of information about crime, this source of information usually being the media. When carrying out sample research in Birmingham, Susan Smith (1984) discovered that 52% of people obtained most of their information about crime from the media, 36% obtained it from hearsay or alleged experiences of friends and neighbours, 3% from their own experiences, and 1% from the police service themselves (cited in Jones, 2001; 8). However the media tend to exaggerate upon areas of criminal activity causing a moral panic. ‘A moral panic is a semi- spontaneous or media generated mass movement based on the perception that some individual or group,†¦show more content†¦As mentioned earlier Stanley Cohen (1972) is one of prominent sociologists that devised the term ‘moral panic’. He defined the concept as ‘A sporadic episode which, as it occurs, subject’s society to bouts of moral panic, or in other terms, worries about the values and principles which society upholds which may be in jeopardy’ (Cohen, 1987; 9). The term ‘moral panic’ was introduced by Stanley Cohen (1972) in his book entitled ‘Folk Devils and Moral Panics’. This was as a result of the studies he carried out on the UK’s media and social reaction to the ‘Mods and the Rockers’ in the 1960’s. The research was based upon a group of working-class youths; there were two groups of people who fought on the Clacton beach leaving many beach huts vandalised. Therefore this became front page news within the media, the press claiming that ‘Clacton had been terrorised by rampaging groups of ‘Mods’ and ‘Rockers’’ (Jones, 2001; 84). The media captured the interest of the public by using eye catching head lines and phrases, some of the phrases incorporated in the test include ‘riot’, ‘siege’, and ‘screaming mob’ (The Guardian). They use such words in a ‘moral panic’ to try and catch the attention of the public’s eye. A moral panic is not a new phenomenon it is anShow MoreRelatedAssess Sociological Explanations of the Role of the Mass Media in Creating Moral Panics About Crime and Deviance1259 Words   |  6 PagesAssess sociological explanations of the role of the mass media in creating moral panics about crime and deviance: A moral panic is the process of arousing social concern over an issue, this is often an exaggerated over-reaction by society to a perceived problem, which is usually driven or inspired by the media. In this situation the reaction ends up amplifying the problem out of proportion to its real seriousness. This creates anxiety amongst the general population, and this therefore puts pressureRead MoreDiscuss and describe a moral panic from a social science perspective.1218 Words   |  5 PagesSociety is frequently subjected to moral panics when any crime is committed. Humanity repeatedly blows crimes and incidents out of proportion until the entire society is somewhat controlled. Stuart Hall, in his book, ‘Policing the Crisis’ explained that â€Å"the media, in conjunction with the bourgeoisie, create moral panics in order to perpetrate fear and maintain control over society, as a whole.† (Hall, 2013, s. 1) Moral panics are created as a hazard and rising threat to sho ck both society and cultureRead MoreAfrican Youth And Moral Panics Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pages African youth and Moral Panics African youth crime and the portrayal of black youths in the media has generated substantial publicity over the years. In part because statistics show that black youths committed a disproportionate amount of crime, however the media is known to exaggerate news stories by creating moral panics. Moral panic refers to the exaggerated outburst of public concern over the morality and behavior of particular groups in society. African youths in particular are portrayedRead MoreThe Importance Of A Moral Panic And How It Can Influence The Publics Perception Of Crime Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of a Moral Panic and explain how this may impact on the public’s perception of crime. Give examples. It is unforunate that we live in a world where the media and government can influence personal opinions on acts of crimes and deviance. This essay will discuss the idea of a ‘moral panic’ and how it can influence the publics perception of crime. The paper will begin with a discussion on what a moral panic is, and then discuss Goode and Ben Yehuda’s four main types of a moral panic. FollowingRead MoreMoral Panic Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesMoral panics has become a frequent term with in sociology now days. Moral panic is not new, it goes all the way back to 1971. Jock Young discussed the increase in drug abuse and made a statement about the fact how media, public opinions and authorities play a big part in making a moral panic happen. Jock Young was also the first to publish about moral panic in 1971.The term ‘moral panic’ can be defined as a disproportional and hostile social reaction to a condition, person or group defined as a threatRead MoreMor al Panics1609 Words   |  7 PagesChallenge: Select and describe a â€Å"moral panic† against a perceived deviance. Analyse the role of the â€Å"moral entrepreneur† and â€Å"folk devil† in your selected case. Finally, explicate what it demonstrates about individuals and their socialization. (Length: 2 000 words) Societies tend to view the youth as the future and hope of a nation. To a certain extent, societies observe the behaviours and potential of the young people to ‘estimate’ the political and socio-economic future of a nation. When thereRead MoreThe Media Stimulate Moral Panics And Create Folk Devils875 Words   |  4 PagesAssess the ways in which the media stimulate moral panics and create folk devils. (21 marks) Cohen defines a moral panic as a condition or an episode where a person or group of people emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values or interests. Simply put a moral panic can be defined as an intense public concern about a social problem or group brought to the public attention by the media which leads to people thinking they are at risk. A folk devil is a person or group of people that becomeRead MoreImportance Of Criminology In Modern Society764 Words   |  4 Pages Criminology is The study of crime, of attempts to control it, and attitudes to it. Crime is interpreted in its widest sense, so as to include minor as well as major law-breaking... according to Walsh and poole 1983.However in reality, criminology has advanced and evolved over the past few decades that there is no specific description or definition of the term and its role in modern society; as it’s a key part in all aspects and its impact on society cant be listed as it’s a never-ending listRead MoreThe Law Of Opposites : A Moral Panic1650 Words   |  7 PagesA moral panic is the public’s response to problems that seem threatening to the society. Moral panics are used by the media, however people are likely to panic out of proportion due the way it is upheld. Our images of crime can be found upon the media, this includes: Television, News Publications and Novels in which we read. It is known that news editors and journalists make the decision of whether or not a story is fit for publishing, they determine this by looking at certain values including: theRead MoreThe Representation Of The Media1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mass media is the communication of spoken, written, or broadcast information or idea to a large audience. This could be through various medium such as newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, radio, movies, video games and others. This essay will analyse the representation of crime in newspapers and television. Newspapers are a very important type of media that keep the public informed about happening in the society and around the world. The newspapers tend to give a negative or an exaggerated

The Characteristics Of Communication And How It Affects...

Introduction This paper is a research done to analyze the characteristics of communication and how it affects male and female entrepreneurship. The use of gender perspective in the communication style was influenced by the now popular topic of women’s rights and discrimination against women in the business world. Women in business was scarce, but now it is becoming more prevalent. â€Å"The communication is a key factor in the success of any organization† (Borcic, Despot, Prusina 2015). The background of this paper is based on the theory of basic guidelines regarding female entrepreneurship, communication, gender in communication, and the comparison of leadership characteristics between women and men. Another theory this paper is based†¦show more content†¦According to the article men are more powerful than women and have more support in their entrepreneurship and society in general. Researchers are testing to see if the stereotypes placed on each gender actually play a role in how each carry out their role in their workplaces as leaders. The first hypothesis was â€Å"In interviews with male entrepreneurs prevalent are features typical of male language and behavior† (Borcic et. al 2014). The second hypothesis was â€Å"In interviews with female entrepreneurs prevalent are features typical of female linguistic behavior† (Borcic et. al 2014). The article investigates the chances of the existence of differences in the way males and female entrepreneurs communicate, and the possibility of connecting these characteristics of the communication style and their management characteristics. YES III. Theories The theoretical part of the paper gives an overview of the basic guidelines related to female entrepreneurship, communication, gender marked by communication and characteristics of women s and men s ways of leading. Feminist linguistics laid the foundations of the theory of linguistic behavior of women and men. Given that some previous studies have shown that women are more likely than men to use first person plural, based on these variables it is possible to see if that is really true. Does the female leadership style truly express a desire for cooperation, the sharing of power and the developing and

Legal Systems Free Essays

Rawls describes individual rights as, â€Å"rights representing the moral rights of individuals in society prior to government. Individual rights are principles that identify and sanction certain interactions between individuals in a society while excluding others,† (20) Different countries have different ways of guarding their citizens’ human rights. Governments that respect individual rights often provide for comprehensive controls that protect individual rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the body that deals with the rights of Canadian citizens. The Charter is law and is part of the Canadian constitution. Since the charter is law, the federal government can not easily make changes to it. It is also stronger than laws the provinces create. www.hrweb.org/. It guarantees freedoms called fundamental freedoms; freedom of conscience and religion, freedom of thought, belief and expression, including freedom of all media and other press. Freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of association is also guaranteed. These are the basic freedoms that the Canadian citizens share. However, the Charter allows for the limit of these freedoms under certain circumstances like, restricting the freedom of assembly in time of war. To help a disadvantaged group achieve equality, it allows differential treatment. The Chatter is to be interpreted in way that preserves and enhances the multicultural heritage of Canadians. The United States constitution on human rights is very similar in content to the outlined Canadian individual rights apart from the some rights in the Canadian Charter can be overridden by governments if they deliberately do so. This is not the case with the United States Human rights laws which cannot even be even removed entirely by a constitutional amendment as they are considered unchallengeable under the natural rights principles the Constitution is founded upon. The United States human rights laws, unlike British laws are applicable to everyone in the country as a whole and are not subject to small state adherence. ‘Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein,’ (Rawls 25). Unlike the British Human Rights Constitution that is set within the United Kingdom, United States made a universal declaration of its human rights protection strategy. New Zealand, which is a former colony of Britain  in its human rights protection aims at developing harmonious relationships between individuals and achievement of equal employment opportunity.   New Zealand have accepted a very limited right to privacy on specific topics while primarily balancing privacy as one interest against security, commercial and political interests in fragmented legislation and tort law rulings, unlike   Britain, which has very complete rules on privacy rights of individuals. www.hrweb.org/ Britain has a very complete and elaborate system in handling human rights issues. It has an official   union that deals with human rights that is, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which has several protocols guarding human rights The protocols accepted vary from one state to another this is effective in reaching all targets as per their individual need. These protocols include laws prohibiting death penalty, protection against torture, protection against slavery and forced labor with the exception of prison labor and national services. To those protected by the convention of liberty and lawful arrest. Britain has also established a special court that deals with human rights violation, European Court of Human Rights, where the court decision is legally binding and the court awards damages. Inter-state rights violation cases can also be taken to this court for states that are party ton that protocol. This provides the individual with immunity against abuse and special hearing of cases. The protocol outlines the procedures of a fair trial. Religion, marriage and privacy are also covered in the British human rights laws. The protocols also prohibit discrimination of whatever kind. The amendment of the laws for human rights is also possible with the British system, unlike the American system where the law is protect under natural rights systems. The British laws are much more flexible to meet the needs of the time and change of priority. When protocols are introduced, they need to pass the universal ratification before they come into force in order to maintain the institutional unity of the Convention machinery. Despite the British human rights protection strategies being almost similar in content to the other countries, it is more elaborate and its administration being under its own special court makes it be independent of the general laws and normal courts jurisdiction. The application of the laws per state also gives the citizens a free choice when it comes to living by the set rules. Its amendments are also much more flexible to expansions and being managed by a special body and not politicians, it’s more effective in administration and management of issues. Work Cited Rawls, John, A Theory of Justice (Revised edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Press, 1999. â€Å"Human Rights†1st July, 2007.Worldwide Human Rights Network.25th May, 2007  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.hrweb.org/                                     How to cite Legal Systems, Essay examples

Mozart His Life and Works free essay sample

Winter Term March 03, 2010 Independent, freelance musicians are rarely seen, but after a rough dismissal by Archbishop Colored, that was what Mozart became. After Mozart tragic dismissal, he traveled to Vienna with the hopes of becoming employed In the court of Emperor Joseph II. Although his hopes were tragically disappointed, he managed to triumph In all musical categories and earned a high wage. Mozart explored all fields of music but was particularly interested in the genre of opera.At the time, opera was the most high-paying road for a musician to take. Not only did Mozart triumph In this genre, he changed the way It was written and performed, The former gallant virtuosic contest between soloist and orchestra of the earlier, pre-Fallen works is resolved by Mozart, transforming it instead into a stark, dramatic contrast. l However, a lack of money-control led Mozart to a tragic situation as a debtor before he died. We will write a custom essay sample on Mozart: His Life and Works or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mozart Rise to Fame Born in Salisbury, Austria on 27 January 1756, the child was christened Johannes Chromosomes Wolfgang Audiophiles Mozart.His father, Leopold, a composer, violinist, court musician and chamber composer, already triumphed with his book, The Violin School. As children, Mozart, and his sister Manner, showed great musical talent and Leopold began to devote all of his spare time to further his childrens skill for himself and the family, he surrendered his chances for advancement In his career, preferring to gamble on his children providing for the security of the frankly. 2 Realizing that the gifts Manner and Wolfgang had could lead them to success far greater than the confines of Salisbury, Leopold took the whole family on a tour in mid-1763.First, they traveled to Munich and then to Vienna, where Mozart and Manner triumphed In their performance for the Hapsburg royal family. Even though no musical postings had been offered, Wolfgang had grown immensely with his musical abilities. 3 Although Mozart music was considered to be one of the best in the history of the world, he was born Into a tragic situation where he did not need to worry about his financial condition. Everything that happened was taken care of by Leopold. 4 His childish characteristics were not appreciated at the strict Austrian court and offended many people.A tragic lack of self-control where money was concerned led o the many debts that Mozart had towards the end of his life. Also, his condescending attitude towards his colleagues, whom he considered mediocre, led him to establish powerful enemies who were able to do much damage to Mozart The Child Prodigy After Mozart first triumphant Grand Tour at the age of 7, he returned home for nine months before traveling once again to Vienna. The reason Leopold submitted to the Archbishop for his venture was to attend the Imperial Hapsburg family at the marriage of a daughter.The unstated reason, however, was to seek a better post for Mozart and Leopold. The Mozart family was received well in Vienna, but a tragic outbreak of smallpox kills the bride and very nearly kills Wolfgang as well. After he recovered, Leopold achieved a royal commission for Wolfgang to write an opera. However, intrigues, Jealousies, and an ill-conceived complaint to the royal family resulted in canceling the performance after Mozart composed La faint simple (K. 51). All the clavier-players and composers in Vienna with the sole exception of Waggishness, who, however, is sick opposed our advancement. 5 Although the opera was not performed in Vienna, it most likely was later on in Salisbury. After returning to Salisbury, Leopold continued to find projects for Wolfgang. He succeeded in gaining contracts to compose operas for courts in Italy. Leopold and Mozart made three trips to Italy between 1770-73. Wolfgang composed the operas Intimidate (K. 87) and Lucia Sills (K. 135) along the way and had the opportunity to study counterpoint with Padre Cosmologists Martini. With his help, Mozart triumphantly passed a composition test and became a member of the Bologna Philharmonic Society despite of the age restrictions. Wolfgang was the youngest composer ever to belong to the Academy of Bologna [Bologna Philharmonic Society]. 6 In Rome, Wolfgang performed the triumphant feat of copying down the entire Miseries after only one hearing with maybe a few corrections afterwards. 7 Mozart action of writing this choral was a risky decision and was usually punished by excommunication. However, Pope Clement XIV was so amazed at the wonders of Mozart brilliance that he awarded Mozart with the title of Knight of the Golden Spur instead. Everywhere Wolfgang went, he triumphed with his playing and composition skills.However, no posts were offered by the ruling Hapsburg Archdukes in Italy or any other ruling elite. Loopholes goal remained tragically unachieved and Wolfgang returned to Salisbury by March 1773. Mozart in Salisbury Mozart was never content with how things were going in Salisbury. He and his father, Leopold, thought that his gifts were being confined by the limited opportunities in Salisbury. The first Archbishop that Mozart served under, Scratching, was sympathetic to the Mozart familys struggle. He loved Mozart music and remained fairly cordial to the family throughout his life.However, after Archbishop Scratching tragic death, he was replaced by Hieronymus von Colored. At first, he was also sympathetic to Mozart, but he later became irritated by Wolfgang prolonged absences and stubborn ways. With no prospect of getting another post, however, Wolfgang and Leopold put up with what they saw as petty harassment by the new Archbishop. At this time, Leopold was Vice-Asperities while Mozart was Concertmaster. By 1775, the family became time for another attempt to seek a better post elsewhere. However, the Archbishop did not grant leave and Wolfgang resigned from his position as Concertmaster in order to go.Leopold could not go with Wolfgang this time because he needed to provide for the rest of the family. Therefore, Wolfgang and his mother set out by themselves. In Paris, Wolfgang mother became seriously ill and died. Mozart was shaken by his tragic loss, but was more concerned about how his father would take the news. He found himself altogether collected and turned to ponder how best to prepare Salisbury for the news; how to cushion a shock that might otherwise kill his father forthwith. 8 Meanwhile, Leopold had somehow been able to convince the Salisbury court to rehire Wolfgang as Concertmaster and even give him a raise. After recovering over the tragic death of his wife, he concentrated on getting Wolfgang ace to Salisbury. Wolfgang, on the other hand, was rather reluctant on returning to Salisbury. A Journey home from Paris that usually took a month stretched out to over four as Mozart dawdled along, enjoying the last few weeks of freedom from Leopold and the Salisbury court. During the years 1779-80 at home, Mozart composed 3 more symphonies, various church works and many others. However, Mozart still wanted to succeed in opera, which was not an opportunity offered in Salisbury.Therefore, when an opera was commissioned for the Carnival season in Munich, he was highly interested. The work was Demimonde (K. 66)9, which turned out to be a triumphant success. Demimonde was one of Mozart greatest masterpieces where Mozart expressed serious heroic emotion by using orchestral scoring and well-designed and expressive recitative. After the opera was performed. Mozart was summoned to Vienna where the Salisbury court was doing business. It was expected that Wolfgang would be able to catch up with them by the end of February, but he ended up arriving in the middle of March.The Archbishop informed Wolfgang that he was to give a concert the very night he arrived and made it clear that Mozart was a servant and should follow orders and procedures. This ended with Mozart quitting the service of the Archbishop in May despite Loopholes protests. Mozart in Vienna Although he desired to become employed in the Austrian court at Vienna, Mozart was generally content to undertake freelance work. The city allowed Mozart to give concerts to show off both his playing and composing skills, sell his works to publishers, teach students and play in the salons of the nobles and other wealthy personages of Vienna.During his early years at Vienna, Mozart won renown and earned money by his subscription concerts for the string of piano concertos. He did ally well financially in his first few years in Vienna, making the equivalent of $150,000 per year. During this time, Mozart approach to composition had changed as well. In all of his music, he had made sure that every work was accessible, but not by compromising his standards and philosophy on music. Instead, his intentions overall were to compel his listeners to follow his music. In doing this, Mozart was able to pleasing to the ear and marvels to attentive listeners.The problem about Vienna was that there were tragically too few listeners. In this period, Mozart married Constance Weber. As though to ward off new blows room Salisbury, he described his bride-to-be as far from beautiful, as though this Mould make his wish to marry her less obnoxious. 10 Leopold opposed the marriage and he and Manner never seemingly forgave Wolfgang for his final abandonment of the family. The correspondence between Wolfgang and Leopold (and between Leopold and Manner; with nothing between Wolfgang and Manner) during Analogous years in Vienna showed little warmth.The correspondences instead tragically evolved into complaints and sour comments by Leopold, which was answered politely by Mozart. In 1785, however, Loopholes letters home projected a stricture of life with his son, tinged with admiration for his accomplishments and chagrin accompanied by a shade of Jealousy that Wolfgang was leading such a triumphant life without his guiding. Once Leopold returned to Salisbury, correspondence between father and son became even more widely spaced. However, Manner received a constant flow of letters from Leopold offering advice and direction.It would seem that Leopold tragically saved his parental warmth for his daughter. 11 With opera as one of Mozart ambitions, it made sense that he would turn to this art form once on his own. Opera started in Italy. It is a musical play with singers, ballet dancers, and an orchestra. Wolfgang loved it more than any other kind of music. 12 In 1782, with the German opera Die Enthusing ass deem Serial (The Abduction from the Seraglio K. 384), Mozart composed a triumphant work that played all over Europe.Then, Mozart paired up with Court Poet Lorenz Dad Point and transformed a highly political play into the opera Lee Nozzle Did Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro K. 492). Receiving in 1787 a commission from the National Theater in Prague, Mozart and Dad Point responded with Don Giovanni (Don Juan K. 527). The citizens of Prague showed great enthusiasm for both of these works. Then in 1789, Mozart and Dad Point collaborated again for the Vienna Theater and made Coos fan tutee (K. 588). Irish opera was better accepted by the Viennese audience than Don Giovanni was. Coos fan tutee was a success.Its apparent frivolous subject-matter appealed more than the shocking violence of Don Giovanni to Viennese audiences. 13 In 1786, a great stroke of luck materialized for Mozart. The honorary Imperial Court Composer, Christopher Willable Cluck died in November 1786. The court bestowed part of Clucks position and salary upon Mozart. Although the salary bestowed upon Mozart was less than half of Clucks, there was no doubt that Mozart could grow into the position and have future salary increases. Despite his industry and appointment, it appears that in 1787, Mozart and Constance fell on harder times.Mozart was tragically forced to borrow money to keep up appearances and could never fully pay back his debts. 14 On top of this, Mozart father, Leopold, died. Leopold had warned that if Wolfgang married Constance, he would be left out of any Nil. True to his word, Mozart tragically had nothing bequeathed to him. Rhea Requiem repaid by a messenger acting on behalf of anonymous composer named Count Franz Wallets. It was later shown that the Count had intended to pass off the work as his own. Mozart had taken the work despite of the mysterious circumstances, believing that he would need six to eight weeks to complete it.The composition was due by the anniversary of the death of the Countys wife, which meant that Mozart had until January 1792 to complete it. However, there were other works that crowded his schedule, allowing him to work intermittently at best on the Requiem. The premier of Rhea Magic Flute was a triumphant success. What always gives me the most pleasure is the silent approval. You can see how this opera is becoming more and more esteemed. 1 5 Only after premiering the Magic Flute in September did he have time to work on the Requiem.

Top 70 compare and contrast essay topics

A compare and contrast essay revolves around finding and analyzing the similarities and differences between two subjects belonging to the same category. If you have been assigned a compare and contrast essay, then you’re probably looking for interesting topics that you can write on, right? Steer forward with us! Quick Links 1. Compare and Contrast Essay Topics 1.1 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for College Students 1.2 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for High School Students 1.3 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Middle School 1.4 Psychology Compare and Contrast Essay Topics 1.5 Sports Compare and Contrast Essay Topics 1.6 Art History Compare and Contrast Essay Topics 1.7 Funny Compare and Contrast Essay Topics 2. Conclusion 2.1 Help Me Write My Essay 1. Compare and Contrast Essay Topics The most essential point that you must keep in mind when choosing a compare and contrast essay topic is to go for the subjects that belong to the same category. For instance, you can’t choose football and 19th century art. When writing a compare and contrast essay, and before you get to the comparison, write a few sentences stating how they are related and the reason why the two subjects should be compared. We have made this job easier for you and categorized different compare and contrast essay topics that you can use to write your effective essay. 1.1 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for College Students How does high school differ from college? Students with or without part-time jobs Essay Vs. Research Paper: What is more challenging? Homeschooling Vs. Traditional Schooling SAT Vs. GRE: What is more difficult? Masters Vs. Ph.D.: What helps strengthen your career? Differences between Islam and Christianity Introverts Vs. Extroverts Real-life dating Vs. Online dating How do education and employment compare? 1.2 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for High School Students Friends Vs. Family Childhood friendship Vs. High school friendship Adolf Hitler Vs. Joseph Stalin Study abroad Vs. Studying in your country Living on your own Vs. At home with parents. Ryan Reynolds Vs. Ryan Gosling In-house employees Vs. Freelance contractors Texting Vs. In person conversations Working out or dieting: What is more effective for weight loss? Being in a relationship or being single 1.3 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Middle School Basketball Vs. Football Compare two plays written by Shakespeare Running Vs. Swimming Reading minds Vs. Being invisible Doctor Vs. Nurse Breakdance Vs. Ballet: What is more difficult? World war I Vs. World War II Chocolate Bar Vs. Chocolate Ice-cream Compare two of your favorite movies Reading books Vs. Watching movies 1.4 Psychology Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Anxiety Vs. Depression: What is similar between the two? Differences between hallucinations and illusive dreams Agoraphobia Vs. Claustrophobia: What is worse? Compare suicide and homicide Autism Vs. Down syndrome B. F. Skinner theory Vs. John B. Watson theory Anorexia Vs. Bulimia: what is unhealthier? Social anxiety or fear of public speaking How does psychological development differ in children that grow up in normal families and orphans? Ego Vs. Superego 1.5 Sports Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Women’s football team, Vs. Men’s Chess Vs. Checkers Football Vs. Cricket: Which is better? Sachin Tendulkar Vs. Ricky Ponting Roger Federer Vs. Rafael Nadal Rugby and Soccer Wayne Rooney and Lionel Messi Ice climbing Vs. Traditional climbing Knicks Vs. Nets Aikido Vs. Judo 1.6 Art History Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Baroque Vs. Mycenaean Period Mosaic Vs. Raku 2D Vs. 3D Compare the 19th Century Art Brunelleschi and The Romans Impressionism and Post-Impressionism Roxanna and Dorian Gray Compare Kafka's Metamorphosis and Albert Camus’ The Stranger Macbeth and Othello Tapestry Vs. Fresco 1.7 Funny Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Beyoncà © Vs. Rihanna Kim Kardashian Vs. Paris Hilton Ellen DeGeneres Vs. Oprah Winfrey Pet dogs Vs. Pet cats F.R.I.E.N.D.S Vs. How I met your mother Lollipops Vs. Popsicles Drama Vs. Comedy Email Vs. Pigeon Post Credit card Vs. Cash Star Trek Vs. Star Wars Need more topics for your essay? Use our Essay Topic Generator and get unique ideas for your essay! 2. Conclusion Are these topic ideas helpful? Did you get what you were looking for? Now then you have chosen a topic for your essay, you can start composing it. For that, you have to follow a structured essay outline. considering the similarities and differences between the two subjects. Here is a step by step guide on how to write a compare and contrast essay 2.1 Help Me Write My Essay Still finding it difficult to choose a topic or to write compare and contrast essay? It is completely understandable. But don’t worry! We have got your back. 5staressays; holds a remarkable place in the market, because of unbeatable services and customer satisfaction. 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HARTMANN Surname Meaning and Family History

HARTMANN Surname Meaning and Family History Hartmann originated as a patronymic surname taken from the German first name Hartmann, meaning brave man. From the Germanic element hard, meaning brave and hardy, combined with mann, or man. Hartmann may also have originated in some cases as an elaboration on the German surname Hart or Hardt, either a  topographic name for someone who lived by woods used as pasture, from the Middle High German hart or a  nickname meaning stag, from the Middle Low German hà «rte, harte.   Hartmann  is the 25th most common German surname. Surname Origin: German Alternate Surname Spellings:  HARTMAN, HARDTMANN Famous People with the HARTMANN Surname Erich Alfred  Hartmann  - WWII German fighter pilotPhilip Edward Phil Hartman -  Canadian-American actor, comedian, screenwriter and graphic artistJohan Peter Emilius Hartmann  - Danish composer and organistWilliam M. Hartmann -  American  physicist and  psychoacousticianRichard Hartmann - German engineering manufacturer Where is the HARTMANN Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the  Hartmann  surname is most common in Germany, ranking as the countrys 21st most common surname, followed by Switzerland, where it ranks 64th. It is also somewhat common in Denmark, Austria and Liechtenstein. WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates the Hartmann last name is common throughout Germany, as well as in eastern Austria and western Hungary. Surname maps from Verwandt.de indicate the  Hartmann  last name is most common in western Germany, especially in the counties or cities of Berlin, Region Hannover, Munich, Hamburg, Hildesheim,  Rhein-Neckar-Kreis,  Frankfurt am Main,  Lahn-Dill-Kreis,  Cologne  and  Siegen-Wittgenstein.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname HARTMANN Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Hartmann  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Hartmann  family crest or coat of arms for the Hartmann surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Hartman  DNA  Surname ProjectIndividuals with the Hartman  surname, and variations such as Hartmann, Hardman, Hartney, Hartkoph, Hartfield, etc.  are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Hartmann family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. HARTMANN  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Hartmann  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - HARTMANN  GenealogyExplore over 1.4  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Hartmann surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HARTMANN  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Hartmann  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - HARTMANN  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Hartmann. GeneaNet - Hartmann  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Hartmann  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Hartmann  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Hartmann  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Starbucks - Organizational behaviour Case Study

Starbucks - Organizational behaviour - Case Study Example Orgniztinl bhvir dls with th t mn t th bttm mn, vryn nds t b invlvd nd knw th right ctins nd ttituds fr n rgniztin t sky rckt nd xcl in th futur Strbucks Crrtin is th wrld's numbr n scilty cff rtilr. It rts mr thn 8,700 cff shs in mr thn 30 cuntris. Th cmny is cmmittd t ffring th highst qulity cff nd "Th Strbucks Exrinc" whil cnducting its businss in wys tht rduc scil, nvirnmntl nd cnmic bnfits fr cmmunitis in which it ds businss. (Chris, 2006, 84) "Strbucks urchss nd rsts high-qulity whl bn cffs nd slls thm lng with frsh, rich-brwd, Itlin styl srss bvrgs, vrity f stris nd cnfctins, nd cff-rltd ccssris nd quimnt -- rimrily thrugh its cmny-rtd rtil strs." (Hmbrick, 2007, 20) Strbucks Crrtin urchss nd rsts whl bn cffs nd slls thm lng with brwd cffs, Itlin-styl srss bvrgs, cld-blndd bvrgs, vrity f fd itms, slctin f ts nd vn lin f cmct discs. "Th riginl Strbucks, fundd in 1971, ws cmny ssintly cmmittd t wrld-clss cff nd ddictd t ducting its custmrs, n n n, but wht grt cff cn b." (Hmbrick, 2007, 20) "Yu gt mr thn th finst cff whn yu visit Strbucks. Yu gt grt l, first-rt music, cmfrtbl nd ubt mting lc, (Adlr, 2001, 44) nd sund dvic n brwing xcllnt cff t hm. At hm yu r rt f fmily. At wrk, yu r rt f cmny. And smwhr in btwn thr is lc whr yu cn sit bck nd b yurslf. Tht is wht Strbucks str is t mny f its custmrs - kind f "third lc" whr thy cn sc, rflct, rd, cht r listn." (Adlr, 2001, 44) Th Strbucks Crrtin blivs thir mlys r n f thir mst imrtnt ssts in tht thir nly tru dvntg is th qulity f thir wrkfrc. By crting ridful wrkfrc, by ffring

Capital Market and Investment Banking Process Paper Research

Capital Market and Investment Banking Process - Research Paper Example You cannot as well borrow from friends or family members and to make matters even worse back loans are inaccessible. Thus, the end of this is that one is in need of money. At this same instance you might be having one of your friends who have established a rapport with rich persons. This makes the problem half solved since he/she can introduce you to such people. However, it is at a fee. At this point in time, this friend of yours who happens to sort you out is the investment banker. The traditional investment banking structure has major divisions. These consist of mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance, sales and trading, research and capital markets on the top of the other four. The largest of investment banks usually have highly diversified business undertakings. (Wise, 2006 pp6-8) Portfolio construction is that undertaking by an investor who portrays rationality where he/she maximizes upon returns emanating from their funds at a given risk rate or level. Any unique investment possesses a unique risk as well. The returns coming from these investments are in the way of income like dividends or interest or even capital gains. A portfolio construction follows the process presented as follows: - objectives setting, policy definition, using portfolio strategy, asset selection and assessment of performance. Objectives setting involve the determination of a given fund putting into account the underlying constraints. Policy definition follows after objectives setting and this is the process through which investors establish an investment policy. Using of portfolio strategy is the application of both the passive and active strategies. Active strategies is the prospecting of the future and variations expected. Passive strategies are the actions of purchasing securities such that they march the picked market index. Selection of assets is the decision by a fund manager regarding the specific assets to invest in. Lastly, assessment of performance is the

Understanding Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Understanding Statistics - Essay Example Understanding Statistics The ordinal scales provide no evident variation amongst the variables. This scale only evaluates the order of the values. The ordinal scales measure the concepts that are not numeric such as fulfillment, jovialness and discomfort among others. In any analysis, an individual can elucidate that number four is better than number three though the extent is not clear again, it is not easy to determine the variation between ok and happy. The interval scales encompass numeric scales that besides providing the order, they also provide the accurate differences between the variables in question. A standard example is the Celsius temperature such as the disparity between 30 and 40 degrees is 10 degrees. Time can also provide precise variations where the disparity between six and four minutes is two minutes. Ratio scales are essential in statistical evaluations to its flexibility for alterations seeking accuracy. The ratio scale can be multiplied, added, divided or subtracted and the central ten dency measures estimated. A discrete variable involves well determined set of predetermined set of probable values-states. The variables include the provision that is either â€Å"true† or †false†, the team that will win and the number of dime in a pouch amongst others. Nonetheless, the variables might appear to be discrete at one point and continuous at a different perspective. The continuous variable opts to take on a position between two extreme positions or values. Continuous variables encompass the indoor temperature, direction travelled or the water used. The discrete variable tends to depict a digital quantity whilst the continuous variable tends to be analog in quantity. According to the explanations provided on the above scales, the different statistical research studies can select any of the according to suitability for application. The continuous and the discrete variables have significance on the selection of the research methodologies to use since the experimental method would be appropriate with discrete data whilst the researches dealing with conventional aspects might find it appropriate to employ continuous variables in the research activity. The area under the normal distribution is proportional to the overall area. The total area covered in the normal curve is equivalent to one. The curves never attain the situation Y = 0 but move to the positive infinity and the negative infinity. The shape assumed by the normal curve is infinite and depends on the mean and the standard deviation. The z-score is a critical tool in data evaluation and is used to determine the extent to which a point x is high or below the population mean ?. It is the providence of the T-statistic with predetermined mean and the standard deviation. In case of interference with the degree of freedom to an extent of assuming population mean and the standard deviation from the availed sample, then it fails to be T-statistic. The percentile rank of a normally d istributed population can be estimated readily through the use of z- scores. In the e vent that the area under a curve is apportioned above and below the mean, the partitions obtained are the similar to the probability picking a value in the similar range. For instance, the area between the standard deviation above and below t

Ethanol on the heart rate

Ethanol on the heart rate Effects of different concentrations of ethanol on the heart rate of the water flea In this experiment I will be looking at the effects of different concentrations of ethanol on the heart rate of the water flea, Daphnia because using humans in a study to test the effects of Ethanol on heart rate would not be ethical. Daphnia, like many animals, are prone to alcohol intoxication, and make excellent subjects for studying the effects of the depressant on the nervous system due to the translucent exoskeleton, and the visibly altered heart rate.Ethanol is a small molecule, RMM of 43, so it crosses cell membranes by simple diffusion. The exoskeleton of Daphnia is not waterproof, so there are no waterproof waxy layers to cross. The gills are particularly thin-walled and optimised for diffusion. They live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and rivers. They are tolerant of being observed live under a microscope and appear to suffer no harm when returned to open water. The experiment consists in preparing 5 different environments to put the water flea in, and observe how the heart rate responds to each change; the change will be the increase of ethanol concentration %. This will be the independent variable. The dependent variable is the heart rate of the Daphnia. Hypothesis : Ethanol will decrease the heart rate of the Daphnia. Null Hypothesis : Ethanol will have no effect on the heart rate of the Daphnia. I will change the concentration of my Ethanol solution by dilution and will therefore plot a graph. In addition, a correlation and ANOVA test will be calculated to determine the relationship (If any) between the concentration of Ethanol and the heart rate of the Daphnia. I have taken into consideration factors that will affect my overall conclusion Factors: Size of Daphnia The size of the Daphnia will affect its absorption of Ethanol and also the metabolism of the drug in the liver. Different rates of metabolism will result in different heart rates. As a result I must ensure that I choose Daphnia which are the same size when conducting repeats. I will use a highly sensitive scale to confirm that both daphnia are of equal body mass. Time kept in ethanol solution The Daphnia must be kept in the Petri dish full of ethanol solution for a specific amount of time. If they are kept in the solution for too long they will become intoxicated which will result in abnormal heart beats that are hard to measure although they must be kept in the solution long enough for sufficient absorption of Ethanol. Each Daphnia will stay in the ethanol solution for exactly 3 minutes so that an equal volume of ethanol is absorbed. Activity of Daphnia Some Daphnia tend to be more active than others and these will have a higher heart rate compared to ones that are idle. After allowing the Daphnia to swim in a specific solution of ethanol I will place them on a cavity slide so that I can observe the heart rate with a microscope. As I will be using a pipette to transfer the Daphnia from the Petri dish to the cavity slide excess fluid will be found on the slide which must be removed with tissue so that all Daphnia remain idle/immobile and not active I.e. swimming on the slide. This will also allow me to measure the heart rate with ease which reduces the likelihood of human error. Time left under the microscope If the Daphnia are left under the microscope for too long they will become stressed due to the heat of the microscope light and this will increase the heart rate of the Daphnia due to the secretion of adrenaline therefore I must ensure that the microscope is switched off when not in use. The cavity slides must be allowed to cool down before using them again as they tend to heat up. Impurities on cavity slide Traces of impurities including ethanol from a previous experiment may be left on the cavity slide which may slightly affect the heart rate of the Daphnia therefore the slide must be cleaned and dried thoroughly before each repeat. Alternatively, a new slide may be used for each repeat. The materials needed to perform this experiment are the following: Normal size syringe 2 Small syringes (must have units of measurement) Open top pipette Ethanol of 1% concentration Various Daphnia to perform experiment on Microscope 6 Petri dishes Cavity slide Marker Kleenex tissue for absorbing excess liquid Scale Stopwatch Method : 1. The first thing that has to be done is the preparation of the different solutions where the Daphnia will be placed. To do this you will need the small syringe, and 5 Petri dishes. It is very advisable to have labels. The first Petri dish will contain 0% Ethanol, in other words just water. With a small syringe, take 10 ml of distilled water (the use of distilled water is important as you will be removing any materials that may have an effect on the Daphnia heart rate) and place it in the Petri dish. The syringe you just used will only be used with water and not for the Ethanol. Put a 0% label on the Petri dish in order to keep track of the different concentrations you will be making. The next Petri dish will contain 0.2% ethanol concentration, and you will make concentrations going up to 0.8%, so: 0.2 %: With the other small syringe (this one will only be used for ethanol), add 2 ml of the 1% Ethanol, to 8 ml of distilled water 0.4 %: Add 4 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 6 ml of distilled water 0.6%: Add 6 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 4 ml of distilled water 0.8%: Add 8 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 2 ml of distilled water remember to label each concentration accordingly 2. Set your microscope up, put it on medium magnification. Do not turn it on yet because the light of the microscope can heat up the environment where you will be observing the Daphnia. It is important to try to keep the temperature of the experiment as stable as possible. Heat may modify the Daphnia heart rate, and the effect of heat on the heart rate is not the purpose of this experiment. 3. Now it is time to pick out one Daphnia from the glass or container where you put all of them in. It is important to use only one throughout this whole experiment because different animals may present variations in their response to different environments. With the open top pipette, try to pick out a Daphnia which is not too small, as it will be harder to observe the heart rate if it is small. Once you have managed to take one out, place it in the remaining empty Petri dish. Take the normal size syringe and very carefully suck the Daphnia in with as least water possible. The objective is to have the Daphnia right at the tip of the syringe. Squirt the Daphnia out into the cavity slide. It is very important to put the Daphnia in with the least water possible, in order to prevent it from moving too much. It is recommended to try to squirt it out with only one drop of water, as this will keep it alive, but immobile. Use tissue to remove excess fluid. Put the slide under the microscope. Turn the microscope on. 4. Make sure you can see the Daphnia clearly under the microscope, once you are happy with the image, look for the heart: 7 is the heart. If you can see the heart, and can keep track of its beating, put the Daphnia, with the normal sized, syringe into the 0% labelled Petri dish. Wash the microscope slide with water and dry it. Turn the microscope off. 5. Keep the Daphnia in the Petri dish for 3 minutes, this lets it adapt do the conditions and also increases the probability of it surviving the whole experiment. With the normal size syringe take it out of the Petri dish and put it onto the microscope slide, make sure that it is practically immobile (by making sure that you squirted the least amount of water possible) and put it under the microscope. Turn the microscope on. 6. Get the paper and marker ready. Look into the microscope and make sure you can count the heart beat. Get someone to count 15 seconds with the stop watch. During 15 seconds, tap the paper with the marker each time the heart beats, after this, count the number of dots on the paper. Multiply this number by four; this gives you the heart rate per minute. Record the result. Do this process 3 times in order to get 3 heart rates. Add the 3 heart rates and then divide the result by 3; this will give you the average of the Daphnia heart rate under those conditions. Keep the Daphnia under the microscope for a maximum of 2 minutes, because the heat of the light in the microscope could have effects on the experiment. Turn the microscope off after the count to prevent further heating caused by the light. 7. Remove the slide from the microscope, and with the normal size syringe put the Daphnia into the 0.2% labelled Petri dish (wash the slide with water and dry it). Leave the Daphnia in the Petri dish for 3 minutes once again. After 3 minutes, use the normal sized syringe to put it onto the microscope slide. Repeat step 6 and record results. 8. Count the heart rate of the Daphnia when placed in all the concentrations. Work your way up from 0% to 0.2% to 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%. Make sure you rinse and dry the slide with the distilled water after each time. You must start from the lowest concentration up to the highest concentration because the Daphnia has to gradually adapt to the changes, you will be reducing the probability of it dying. Another reason for this is that if you start at the highest concentration, the impact on the Daphnia will be too dramatic and you will not see any trends once you try a lower concentration, it will have an effect of intoxication. Remember to repeat each count 3 times to obtain an average of the heart rate. Keep the Daphnia under the microscope during the same amount of time for each concentration, this will ensure that if there was any type of effect from the light under the microscope, all tests will be fair because they were under the exact same conditions. It is possible for the Daphnia to die during these tests; this is why you must have acquired a fair amount of Daphnia, in order to have back-ups. 9. Repeat this experiment once or twice with different Daphnia, in this way you will be able to analyse any trends present in the experiment more accurately. I will use the following tables to record the results of this experiment: Averages will be calculated for both experiments and the results will be organised in a separate table. My conclusion will be based on these averages because they are more representative. Modifications made to method: The Daphnia used in the first experiment died after being placed on the cavity slide from the 0.6% ethanol solution probably due to the lack of fluid on the slide so I had to restart the experiment using another Daphnia. No one was available to count 15 seconds with a stopwatch so I had to use my mobile phone which beeped after 15 seconds prompting me stop counting the number of heart beats. Results

The Horror of War Exposed in Slaughterhouse Five :: Slaughterhouse-Five Essays

The Horror of War Exposed in Slaughterhouse Five When one begins to analyze a military novel it is important to first look at the historical context in which the book was written. On the nights of February 13-14 in 1944 the city of Dresden, Germany was subjected to one of the worst air attacks in the history of man. By the end of the bombing 135,000 to 250,000 people had been killed by the combined forces of the United States and the United Kingdom. Dresden was different then Berlin or many of the other military targets which were attacked during World War II because it was never fortified or used for strategic purposes and, therefore, was not considered a military target. Because of it's apparent safety, thousands of refugees from all over Europe converged on Dresden for protection (Klinkowitz 2-3). Dresden's neutrality was broken and the resulting attacks laid waste, what Vonnegut called, "the Florence of the Elbe." Kurt Vonnegut was a witness to this event and because of fate, had been spared. He wrote Slaughterhouse Five to answer the questi on that resounded through his head long after the bombs could no longer be heard. "Why me?"- a frequent question asked by survivors of war. Vonnegut was tormented by this question and through Billy Pilgrim, the protagonist in Slaughterhouse Five, he attempts to reconcile the guilt which one feels when one is randomly saved from death, while one's friends and loved ones perish. Billy Pilgrim's own life was spared, but was never able to live with himself knowing that so many others had died. The feelings of guilt which emerged from his having survived the bombing of Dresden and from Billy's fortunate escape from death under the shelter of the fifth Slaughterhouse haunted Billy through much of his life. Billy Pilgrim did not consider his survival a blessing, but a curse. A curse to be forced to live on with the guilt of survival. Billy Pilgrim faced such tremendous guilt, that he spent his entire life after Dresden trying to alleviate himself of it. His guilt is in many ways comparable to the guilt felt by the survivors of the Holocaust. Many Holocaust survivors had to face their own "Why me?" question. However, many Holocaust survivors w ere

Travel agency or company

The act of traveling to different places for leisure or recreational purposes is leisure travel and tourism is a travel for leisure or recreational purposes. Globalization has increased the tourism industry a big boost. Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries that contribute greatly to the economy of a country in this era of globalization. Majority of the working class spend their leisure time for travel. Many services describe a leisure travel experience that include guided tours, farm stay tours, tours for the activity of the kids, entertainment programmes at resorts or hotels, and weekend accommodation/holiday packages.A travel agency or company sells the travel services, particularly the package travel. There are commonly three types of three different types of agencies that include multiples, maniples and independent agencies. The multiples comprise of national chains of international conglomerates. A package travel comprises of a pre-arranged travel for 24 hours, which is a combination of accommodation, transport and a tourist service such as entertainment that forms a significant part of the package. Normally there exists an exclusive price for this package travel.The package is generally provided for a discount and the travel company should provide the information regarding the requirements of the visa and passport, health requirements. The Brisbane is the state capital of Queensland, Australia, with tourism as an important industry for the economy of the state attracting 4. 9 million of domestic and 0. 9 million international visitors annually. Brisbane neighbors the tourism capital of Australia, the gold coast, with golden beaches and exciting nightlife.The present paper discusses on designing the leisure travel product, a package tour to the Brisbane the capital of the state of Queensland, Australia. It also analyses the existing market opportunities for the product when compared with the products of the similar nature. Variables of the mark eting mix in a package tour: Product: The product in the tourism industry is the customer value, and for the elements of the marketing mix to be effective, it is important to concentrate on the unique characteristics of the product for tourism, the demand and the range of the determinants for the demand.In a tourism industry, for a strategic planning of the product there are two possible approaches that include, Market approach and the destination approach. It is important to select the right package of products to make the market more attractive. Securing a unique position and a good reputation in the market is very important for the strategic place of the product in the market. A package of benefits and offerings that can meet the expectations of the visitors, investors will increase the business.Promotion: Communication in an effective way plays an important role that increases the effectiveness of the market. Awareness of the product: it is important to make the customer aware o f the product to get the attention of the customer. Interest: generating interest on the product plays an important role. Desire: Creating a desire that is related to the needs relative to the competitors is important. Action: stimulating the target market to purchase the product plays an important role.Giving the information and building awareness of the product, creating a positive attitude towards the product, and creating a good climate for purchase by clearing the doubts about the product are some of the attributes that has to be considered for promoting a product. The product offering in the form of stimulus input that provokes for a holiday tour, taking the full advantage of product promotion through the communication channels such as guides, brochures etc, will motivate the customers to purchase the product.Price: The price factor in the tourism industry is perceived in terms of value for money. This is largely influenced by the prior expectation of the customer as to how ex pensive or cheap the trip would be. The price and the perception the price in the market needs to be handles carefully in the marketing mix. Description of the travel product, the package tour A package tour is a service that comprises of transport and accommodation organized by a tour operator and sold by a travel agent.The package tour of the modern times has evolved from the package tours of 1960’s when there was a package tour that comprises of flights, accommodation and transfers. These package tours mostly existed in the United Kingdom where most of the people got an affordable travel to various destinations including the foreign travel. With a decreasing demand for the package tour, the sector is now largely operated by a few large tour operators. With the advent of dynamic tour package, the consumers have the freedom to choose their own packages consisting of accommodation, flights and transfers.(First conferences battle, 2005). Analysis of the product: Australian cul tural environment is unique in that it is a combination of the aboriginal, Europe and American cultures. The excellent cities, snowfields, deserts, rain forests, and the golden beaches of Australia provide a wealth of travel experiences. Australia is a tourist attraction for its events, arts from aboriginal culture, antiques, cuisine and most of all the flexible government policies to obtain visas for the foreign tourists.Contributing a large share to the economy, tourism in Australia represents about 5. 9% of the GDP. With a large number of domestic and international tourists visiting every year, there is a lot of scope for the dynamic package tours in the country. Activities and benefits of a package tour: The activity of a package tour is to plan a journey to a different place without many hazels at a reasonable cost. The benefits of the tour include the avoiding the hassles of searching for accommodation in a new place and all accommodation and transportation are pre arranged.Wi th packaging to tourism the tourism operators get the benefits such as increase in the sales, increasing marketability of the product and increase of the share in the market beyond the own resources. Target markets: Many tourists buy the package tours as they feel it is the secure, economical and a convenient way for a leisure travel. The travel agents can use this opportunity to enhance their product value by offering some compliments along with their services. The best packages give appealing experiences for a good value to the target market.The best package chooses specific products based on the best fit in the target market. Price: Price of the package is decided upon the per customer basis and is calculated based on variable costs, fixed costs and the overhead or the marketing costs. All these costs together with the profit will form the basic package of the price. Location/schedules: Many travelers and the budget minded in particular, prefer the travel that is safe convenient and secure. These package travels are useful for those who travel for an unfamiliar location that is exotic that can be covered in a short period.Many of the partially escorted tours take care of transportation and lodging in which meals are excluded. Personnel for the package tour: The warm and friendly personnel and their welcoming and receiving nature will give the tourists a relaxation. The relaxing environment provided by the personnel at every stage of the travel gives a feeling that the tourists feel excited and relaxed. Physical facilities for a package tour: The organizations, which offers services for package tours has to change the strategy in such a way that the package offered constantly meets the demands of the customer.By considering the aspirations of the tourists, it is possible to manage the resources effectively. Process management policies: The process management policies include package types that supports user-defined product types, dynamic packages that allows choice of items adjusted according to the budget, flexibility in accommodating the packages in different seasons, a complete rule based pricing mechanism, managing multiple currencies, pooled inventory management and powerful traveler reward programme. Competitive advantage or unique selling point:For selling a package, it is beneficial to develop the package that has appealing inventory of experiences, and support services. Developing a package concept that includes setting a theme, market position, and giving a full description of the specific services are appealing to the target market that give a competitive advantage. Travel products offered by one company Package tour-1 The package includes four days and three nights, and the price includes morning city sights, rivers and return private car transfers to airport, hotel and the choice of selecting star hotels including one lunch.Package tour-2 The package tour includes four days and three nights. The pricing includes escorted t ouring with knowledgeable guides. One night each at pinnacles, beach, museums, that includes six meals (3 breakfasts and 3 dinners). Package tour-3 The package includes five days and four nights, the price includes accommodation for two nights at rain forest retreat, excursions, guided walks, morning and afternoon teas, accommodation for two nights at a resort, four breakfasts and one lunch and private car transfer to hotel and airport.Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each package tour Package tour-1 Strengths: The strengths include city viewing in the morning, offering choice to choose a star hotel for accommodation and transport by private cars to airport and hotel. Weaknesses: The weaknesses include providing only one lunch during the period of stay. Package tour-2 Strengths: That include visit for the museums, viewing wild flowers, dolphins, beaches, and pinnacles and offering six meals. Weaknesses: Not offering transport by a private car to the hotels and airport.Packa ge tour-3 Strengths: The strengths include providing accommodation for two nights at rain forest retreat, with excursions and guided walks, all transfers, and private car transfer to hotel and airports. Weaknesses: The weaknesses include providing only four breakfasts and one lunch as the travelers has to visit the rain forest retreat. Proposed travel product The travel product comprises of a trip to Brisbane a cosmopolitan city that provides relaxation. The stay includes 3 days and two nights.The price includes two nights at Brisbane, transports by a private car to hotel and airport visit to a sanctuary, and high lights of the city in the afternoon, and a tour to the zoo. The price also includes three lunch and two breakfasts and one dinner and the choice of choosing one out of the three good star hotels for accommodation. The price will be reasonable at 520 US dollars. Presentation of the product A trip to Brisbane A trip to discover a young cosmopolitan city Brisbane will relax y ou from the hassles of routine life.Stay: 3 days and two nights Price: †¢ two nights at Brisbane †¢ private car transfers to the airport and hotel †¢ visit to sanctuary †¢ afternoon highlights of the city †¢ a tour to the zoo †¢ three lunch, two breakfasts and one dinner Day-1 Transport by a private car, a tourist guide will accompany a tour to the afternoon high lights of the city. A visit to the wild life sanctuary, and choice of choosing a hotel Day-2 Visit to the zoo, entertainment by many shows and demonstrations. Day-3Transfer to airport from Brisbane by a private car References From the journals: 1. Angel roper(2005), Marketing standardisation:tour operators in the nordic region European journal of marketing,vol. 39(5/6), pp. 514-27 2. Jay kadumpally(2000), The impact of demand fluctuation on the quality of service: a tourism industry example. Managing service quality, vol. 10(1), pp. 10-19. From the internet: 3. Travel Agents Could Lose Out in t he Dynamic Packaging Battle, First Conferences Ltd. (2005).

Free Essays on The Life Of Ancient Egyptians

Ancient Egypt has bequeathed us an enormous testimony to the skill and genius of its artists draughtsman, painters, relief-carvers and sculptors. The coming pages testify to their creations, but here we shall focus on the men themselves, their working techniques and conditions, and the place they occupied in society. It must be stressed at the outset that in their working tools, technical procedures and way of life the artists of ancient Egypt did not greatly differ from the artisans. Woodcarvers shared the tools and techniques of carpenters and joiners; sculptors in stone drew on the skills of stone masons and stone vessel makers, artists who worked with metal learned from the experience of metal-beaters. We often see an artist at work in the craft shop specializing in his chosen medium. The work of the draughtsman and the painter, on the other hand, had a close affinity to that of the scribe. Works of art, again, did not spring from the hands of single individuals; they were invar iably the product of collective effort by a number of men. The contribution of one artist linked up with that of another, a painting or a relief being based on another man's drawing while a sculpture was passed on to the painters to be colored. It is only for descriptive convenience, then that we shall be dealing with the various specializations in terms of present-day classification. We may well start with the sculptors, as it is they whose working methods are most fully documented. In most cases we are shown a sculptor standing in front of a finished work, normally a life-size male or female figure, standing or seated, less often the lying figure of an animal. Whatever the medium, any such figure is regularly referred to in captions as Tut. Often we are shown several figures being sculpted side by side in the same workshop; in the 5th-dynasty tomb of Ty at Saqqara, for instance, there are eight in various stages of completion. The early stages, by cont... Free Essays on The Life Of Ancient Egyptians Free Essays on The Life Of Ancient Egyptians Ancient Egypt has bequeathed us an enormous testimony to the skill and genius of its artists draughtsman, painters, relief-carvers and sculptors. The coming pages testify to their creations, but here we shall focus on the men themselves, their working techniques and conditions, and the place they occupied in society. It must be stressed at the outset that in their working tools, technical procedures and way of life the artists of ancient Egypt did not greatly differ from the artisans. Woodcarvers shared the tools and techniques of carpenters and joiners; sculptors in stone drew on the skills of stone masons and stone vessel makers, artists who worked with metal learned from the experience of metal-beaters. We often see an artist at work in the craft shop specializing in his chosen medium. The work of the draughtsman and the painter, on the other hand, had a close affinity to that of the scribe. Works of art, again, did not spring from the hands of single individuals; they were invar iably the product of collective effort by a number of men. The contribution of one artist linked up with that of another, a painting or a relief being based on another man's drawing while a sculpture was passed on to the painters to be colored. It is only for descriptive convenience, then that we shall be dealing with the various specializations in terms of present-day classification. We may well start with the sculptors, as it is they whose working methods are most fully documented. In most cases we are shown a sculptor standing in front of a finished work, normally a life-size male or female figure, standing or seated, less often the lying figure of an animal. Whatever the medium, any such figure is regularly referred to in captions as Tut. Often we are shown several figures being sculpted side by side in the same workshop; in the 5th-dynasty tomb of Ty at Saqqara, for instance, there are eight in various stages of completion. The early stages, by cont...

John Piaget essays

John Piaget essays Jean Piaget developed a theory that states that children develop cognitively through four developmental stages, sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal. The first stage of the cognitive development theory is called the sensorimotor stage. This stage takes place from birth until the age of two. During the sensorimotor stage the infant learns by combining their senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, smell) with their motor skills. The sensorimotor infant begins with basic reflexes, then develops the ability to use more complex manipulations of objects. The second stage of cognitive development is referred to as the pre-operational stage. The pre-operational stage takes place from the ages of two years until the age of seven years. The majority of their new learning involves the use of symbols, language, and their imagination. A child in the pre-operational stage has no sense of logic and is egocentric, they can only view the world through their own perspective The stage following pre-operational is called concrete operational. In the concrete operational stage the child is still using symbols, however; he is able to apply logic to the symbols. Children in concrete operational do not act intuitively, they are able to use reasoning - provided that there are concrete examples. The final cognitive developmental stage is called the formal operational stage. In this stage, the young adult is able to apply logic to abstract thinking. They are able to deal with complicated problems and apply reason. Piaget considered formal operational the final stage of cognitive development because it is the highest level of learning that the individual will achieve. ...

Contrastive analysis of perception verbs in English and Arabic Thesis - 1

Contrastive analysis of perception verbs in English and Arabic - Thesis Example (Mina smelled the perfume ) (active) (Meher felt a prick in his thumb) (state). (Meher felt sick). (descriptive) Tahir felt his tie (Active) . (Mazi tasted defeat) (descriptive) Lemon tastes bitter (state) (Jack tasted the warm broth) (Active) Chapter 3: Perception verbs in English 3.1  Ã‚   Introduction This chapter presents a discussion on the perception verbs and their usage in English language. It will develop an understanding of the importance and relevance of the correct forms of perception verbs to the meaning of the sentence and will also highlight the basic issues that non-native learners may face when they try to learn the language. This chapter forms an essential background for the conduction of the contrastive analysis between the Arabic and the English language perception verbs.    3.2 What are Perception Verbs Perception verbs are the verbs that define the actions undertaken by our sensory parts. These are an essential element of any languag e as these have the capacity to explain and display a diverse variety of human behavoiurs and nuances. In semantics, perception verbs have been a subject of much debate and research owing to the complexity of their usage as well as their capacity to be modified in language use. The field of perception verbs is one of the important semantic fields that received the attention of linguists since 1970s, along with other semantic fields like basic color terms (Berlin and Kay 1969), body parts (Andersen 1978), cooking verbs (Lehrer 1974), and motion verbs (Talmy 1975). However, while other subjects and aspects of language have been explored in order to assess the richness of the language or to explore the richness with which concepts can be expressed, perception verbs are of interest due to their difficulty to translate into other languages. Perception verbs relate to the active usage of language and portrat not only the perceptions, but often the emotions and the conceptions as well. Thi s makes the usage of the perception verbs complex and difficult to translate in different languages.    Also, other elements of the language like the nouns, vocabulary etc., are easy to learn as these are governed by simple rules of grammar. These semantic fields share universal elements, and exist frequently in many languages. It is a well-known fact that in order to recognize the typological shape of any language, we must be aware of â€Å"the distinctive character of its structure in relation to other languages based mainly on work in general typology, and on contrastive analysis and other types of cross linguistic studies† (Viberg, 2006, p.3). Perception verbs have also â€Å"supplied a rich field of research in linguistics including grammaticalisation, complementation and semantic change† (Ibarretxe-Antunano, 1999, p. 41).      The complexity associated with the perception verbs has its roots in the variety of modes in which perception is understood. Percept ion is a basic human process through which they are able to access external inputs and make sense of their surroundings. However, academic definition of perception is varied as different scholars tend to define perception differently. The definition of perception is essential to understand as it has a direct impact on the development and usage of the perception verbs. Sekuler and Blake defined it as â€Å"a biological process wherein the brain derives descriptions

Vulnerabilities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vulnerabilities - Research Paper Example Certificate Authority (CA) and is considered to be the most efficient control in terms of email security (Ellison & Schneier, 2000). In case of secure email, one has to make sure about the sender possessing the key is the one who is the authentic sender. Likewise, when signed email is verified, one of the checks includes the source of the email i.e. the sender. However, if encryption is applied to the public key infrastructure, there is a requirement of identifying people possessing the relevant key to decrypt the message (Ellison & Schneier, 2000). This is the point where email certificates starts to operate, as the certificate ID is a digitally signed message from the CA that is transmitted to the user linked with the public key. However, the (PKI) possess many risks that may lead to vulnerabilities and in the end threats. One of the risks incorporates a breach of keys associated with the signer via unauthorized access or by any other means (Ellison & Schneier, 2000). However, efficient Certificate Authorities can mitigate risks by en effective physical security, personnel security and secure network. Pretty Go od Privacy ‘PGP’ counters these issues as well by incorporating ‘Web of Trust’ including self-governing signatures linked with the single certificate (Ellison & Schneier, 2000). Moreover, for addressing internal security, monitoring of employee emails is a regulatory requirement. However, there are many procedures, tasks and functions associated with it. The requirements can be met by utilizing tools from outlook express that are capable of retrieving certain keywords used in the email. For example, the keyword ‘account’ can retrieve all emails including this specific word. (Bhatnagar, 2012). However, these outlook tools only work individually on each workstation and can be solved by incorporating Microsoft Exchange server. As the server will retrieve all emails of all employees containing the specific

Other Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Other - Essay Example However, comparing and contrasting the lifestyles, attitudes of people, foods, clothes and other societal components, we would find a huge difference between the two of them. One culture dominates the Asian region while other dominates the Western side. America is not a particular dominance of any culture. Since early settlers were from European regions therefore, different regions of United States of America are dominated by different kinds of American cuisines. For example, South cuisines are more spicy and fried as compared to food in northern region where the food is comprised of boiled vegetables, fatty meat and beans. Similarly, West-American cuisines are more of a combination of Mediterrian and Hispanic food when compared to Eastern-American region in which the diversity of food types is purely based on the tremendous variety of different ethnic origins by people from different ethnic backgrounds. American cuisine is not a name of a particular food type instead; the variety of the food types, recipes and cultures gave American food a unique status in the world. The variety is so vast that person from any background can find the food of choice in most of the regions of the United States of America. As we see, Northern states of the United States of America are pre-dominantly by French, Dutch, Germans and British. Due to above reasons somewhat modified form of cuisine and culture food emerged in the Northern parts of the United States. When compared to other parts of the world, the dominance of one culture gave rise to particular kind of cuisines in the region such as China, Japan and Korea are among many of other countries. American foods are richer in their contents and provide a huge number of calories through protein, fats and carbohydrates. The unique combination of high protein and high fiber based foods, mostly vegetables, give a unique taste and cultural environment as well as the basic nutrients required by the body. Technology plays an excellent role in the American cuisine field. Modern culture and technology have provided a wide range of selected food materials to control the caloric requirement of an individual. For example, animal based protein such as beef and meat are supplied from high fats to low fat variety to meet the requirements of the consumer. Similarly, the sea-food and the poultry meat are supplied in similar varieties. In other words, the consumers’ needs and specific demands according to their health are met with this technology. Chinese food is served with the chopsticks which is a wood based product and lack the hygiene and cleaning when it comes to wash utensils. Many people in China keep their own personal set of utensils such as chopsticks to avoid any kind of health issues when it is used by others.. any absorbent material whether it is wood or ceramic are a substantial source of spreading the germs and also they are the source of transforming diseases to others. When compared to American uten sils which are solely made of metal, it becomes easier to clean and wash them. Hence, maintain the hygiene and preventing any substantial health communication to others. The fast food chains in America play a very important role in the daily food activities of an average American, where every individual has a huge variety of selection which ranges from high caloric food to low caloric food as well as high fiber food to low fiber food and also, from fresh to frozen varieties to meets the demands of each consumer

Standards and Procedures Essay Example for Free

Standards and Procedures Essay Behavior Always conduct yourself in a professional manner. (Inappropriate words or insinuations will not be tolerated) Act in best interests of our clients. (Always safeguard our client’s information that is not public knowledge.) Foster culture diversity; treat others with dignity and respect. (Refrain from criticizing and putting down fellow employees and customers.) Take ownership of own work and promote opportunity. Follow dress code – wear appropriate business casual attire. (Body tattoos and piercings will be covered at all times. Please see company dress code booklet for further description of dress code) Practice integrity and honesty in all areas of business. Avoid parting in any activity that could have a negative effect on company’s image. Participate in any mandated professional education courses. (Company courses will be assigned as needed and employees will be provided a deadline to complete courses.) Put Philanthropic mission above your personal gain. Disclose any possible conflicts of interest to management which may or may not result in reassignment or termination. (Refrain from partaking in employment in related companies, or engaging in interoffice dating) Encourage other employees to embrace code of ethics and report any knowledge of others not adhering to code of ethics. ( Any information provided to management will remain confidential , retaliation toward informant is prohibited) Accuracy and completeness Keep accurate records, files and books of activities. Maintain company standard of 99 percent quality accuracy of work. ( Monthly summary of quality will be provided based on review of employees work by their direct supervisor) Maintain company standard of required production. (Please see production requirements which are based on employees job description) Work scheduled time; refrain from partaking in unapproved overtime. (Regular tardiness and unexcused absences will not be tolerated under any circumstances and will be grounds for suspension or termination.) Following state laws and regulations Do not engage in any form of Price Fixing, Anti-Trust or Anti Competition. Acceptance of gifts and gratuities is prohibited. Adhere to all state required breaks and timekeeping requirements. Refrain from parting in any activities that might be considered discriminating towards any race gender or religious preferences. Adhere to state sexual harassment laws. Ethics Training Plan Design and Development Manuals will be created which display company’s ethical standards. (WBT) Web Based Training courses will be created to provide employees knowledge of the company’s ethical standards in a fun interactive way. Training program will include possible ethical situations an employee might find themselves in and how to react in an ethical manner. (WBE) Web Based Exams will be created to ensure employees grasp all concepts. PowerPoint presentations will be created and updated often to present possible ethical situations and what the proper way to react would be. Webinars will be created several times a year reminding employees how important it is to abide by companies ethical standards. Slogans, banners and flyers will be created, displaying company’s ethical standards. Monthly company articles will be created displaying the importance of following ethical guidelines. Implementation For employees that are initially hired they will undergo Ethics (WBT) Web Based Training Program. They will be provided an Ethics manual to go over and sign stating they read and understand all materiel and agree to abide by company’s code of ethics. They will be handed a pamphlet in which to revert back to if they should have any ethical questions on any ethical situations. Finally before beginning their on the job training they will need to pass a web based exam in which they will prove they have grasped the all of companies ethical concepts. For management – Because implementation of an ethics program begins with management, it is very important that managers be properly trained to provide our companies employees with proper ethical training. Therefore all managers will be required to also partake in a (WBT) Web Based Training program specifically created for managers of our company who need to understand how important it is that employees lead by example. Managers will be provided with their own ethics manual for which they may revert back to in if they should have any ethical questions on any ethical situations. Managers will be required to attend yearly in person training courses on how to encourage proper ethical behavior amongst their employees. Finally all Managers will be required to take yearly managers ethics training exam in which they will prove they have grasped all of company’s ethical concepts. For all employees All employees will required to undergo Yearly (WBT) Web Based Training programs in order to refresh themselves on the company’s ethical standards and to familiarize themselves with updated material. Ethics proficiency testing will always follow WBT’s in order to ensure all ethical concepts have been grasped. Management will hold monthly group meetings in which they will present power point presentations displaying possible ethical situations and how to respond in a proper ethical manner. Webinars will be released to all employees several times a year encouraging employees to follow proper ethical standards and reminding them where all information can be found on companies ethical standards. Company will advertise through slogans, banners and flyers reminding employees to follow company’s ethical standards. Evaluation Managers will be required to monitor each employee’s ethical behavior and take immediate action when unethical behavior is exhibited. Employees displaying any type of unethical behavior will be closely monitored and will be provided with first a verbal warning, then a written warning followed by termination of employment depending on severity of the situation. Employees exhibiting great Ethical behavior are to be recognized for doing so with a yearly compensation bonus if company should have a strong yearly profit. Monitoring System Monitor Appoint an ethics and compliance officer to do an overview of ethics program. Measure awareness and perceptions of ethics program, procedures and review company’s culture. Create and implement an employee satisfaction and recommendation survey for company’s ethics program. Observe employees behaviors. Review companies activities. Listening to or review recorded customer service intake calls Audit Secure commitment of upper management and board of directors. Establish a committee to oversee the ethics audit. Define what is being audited; include any areas that are important to an ethical audit. Have documentation with listed measurements of how company is complying with required ethical procedures. Do a yearly analysis of company’s measurements. Evaluate the company’s goals and objectives; outline the company’s ethical main concerns. Ensure audit processes include the outlooks of all the major stakeholders. Evaluate the compliance program design, arrangement and procedures. Examine whether current practices meet legal requirements and company policies and standards. Have all report results verified by an outside source. Provide a report of the final findings to the audit committee and after the report is accepted, it can then be distributed to managers and to the stakeholders. Reporting Misconduct Reassure employees that any reports of misconduct will be kept confidential and that no retaliation will occur. Provide employee with privacy by conducting conversations in a private area. Probe employee for a further explanation of the misconduct and ask if there are any others whom can collaborate their report. Reassure employee that you will follow-up on this report and provide them with a reasonable timeframe in which you will follow up with them. Review and Improve Plan Review Compare and examine all yearly audits to one another to see if the program is improving. Identify affective and ineffective ethical procedures. Verify the company has a code of ethics that is effective in preventing misconduct. Verify the company’s standards and procedures are being dispersed effectively to its employees. Ensure top management has a system in place to detect ethical issues. Ensure standards and procedures are realistically proficient in identifying and preventing misconduct. Compare and exam all employees for ethical and unethical behavior. Improve Perform an examination on how company can reduce the risks of misconduct and implement new strategies. Take action against any potential risks that were identified in audit process. If it is determined that that ethical performance is not acceptable, Restructure how certain choices within the company are made. Reward employees who comply with ethics program and punish employees who do not comply. Update codes and ethics yearly in order to ensure that the program is up to date with current laws and regulations. References Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2009). Business ethics, ethical decision making and cases. (7e, 2009 update ed.). Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning. Nick Ciancio (July 2007). The seven pillars of an effective ethics and compliance program. Retrieved from: http://www.globalcompliance.com/pdf/the-seven-pillars-of-an-effective-ethics-and compliance-program.pdf. Marsha Glick (July 17, 2000). Twelve steps for designing effective training programs. Retrieved from: http://www.techrepublic.com/article/twelve-steps-for-designing-effective-training-programs/5032124. Mark Lamendola (July 1, 1998). Ten Tips For An Effective Training Program. Retrieved from: http://ecmweb.com/content/ten-tips-effective-training-program.

History Of Filipino Immigration History Essay

History Of Filipino Immigration History Essay The making of an American begins at the point where he himself rejects all other ties, any other history, and himself adopts the vesture of his adopted land. Baldwin 29. It is a wonder why Filipinos wanted to leave their own country and live in another place like the United States of America. Maybe because a brighter future is seen in a new place, like a new world of hope that cannot be found in the native land of the Philippines. Filipinos struggled to go out of their country without the assurance of anything. Ones self is the only one who could make his/her own destiny. Filipinos have been chasing the American dream since the early 1900s. As opportunities were given, Filipinos didnt hesitate to leave their own country in order to find a brighter future from one of the worlds super powers, which was the United States. Filipinos were good in adopting their new environment just to pursue the American Dream. Cultural identity is a matter of becoming as well as of being. It belongs to t he future as much as to the past. It is not something which already exists, transcending place, time, history and culture. Cultural identities come from somewhere, have histories. But, like everything which is historical, they undergo constant transformation. (Hall). Balancing between two different cultures is very challenging and this paper focused on this issue the most. Que 2 The first large-scale immigration of Asians into the U.S didnt happen until 1848, when gold was discovered in America. The Chinese nickname for California was called the Gold Mountain. The Gold Rush was one of the pull factors that led many Chinese to come to the U.S. to find their fortune and return home rich and wealthy (Le). This event triggered the American dreamer and the sights of a greener pasture. Almost every Asian believed that the moment they had stepped on the grounds of the United States of America, life would be better and richer. But not all were granted with the American dream because not all were given decent jobs. Filipinos were actually the first Asians to cross the Pacific Ocean as early as 1587, fifty years before the first English settlement of Jamestown was established. This was also during the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. Filipinos were forced to work as sailors and navigators on board Spanish Galleons. Eventually, Filipino sailors were the first to settle in the US around 1763. They made their first permanent settlement in the bayous and marshes of Manila Village, in what would later be Louisiana. They built houses on stilts along the gulf ports of New Orleans and were the first in the United States to introduce the sun-drying process of shrimp (Filipino American History). This was the first wave of Filipinos that came to the United States. Since their migration to the United States, Filipinos have always played an integral role in contributing to Americas economy. From 1763 to 1906 other Filipino groups such as mariners, adventurers and domestics followed and eventually grew in numbe rs. With the passage of time some of them migrated to the West Coast, Hawaii, and Alaska to expand their opportunities in the fishing and whaling industries (Immigration History). In 1903, the Pensionado Act allowed Filipino students to study in the United States as a way to enhance and further their education and have more knowledge in different areas. While Que 3 this appears to be an honorable act by the Americans, it was actually not their true intentions. Instead of allowing students to migrate as a way to advance their education and enlighten their minds, the Americans had other ulterior motives. These scholars known as pensionados were shipped off in order to help maintain colonial rule. Many pensionados were given the scholarship program because it was intended to educate these young men in America with degrees in government and administration so that they could learn the United States governmental system. This way they could return to the Philippines and teach the government democratic practices and administer their own government in a similar fashion like the government in the United States. More importantly, they were promised positions in various government sectors particularly in agriculture, business and education. However, this proved to be problematic since the general make-up, history and demographics of the Philippines does no t parallel that of the United States. The governmental system that works for America may not work for the Philippines. Nonetheless, by 1912 there were over 200 Filipino students who had graduated from American collegiate institutions. After attaining their degrees most of them went back to the Philippines, but some remained in the US and blended in with the later Filipino immigrants known as Pinoys (Magat). This act was closely tied with what happened during the time when the United States conquered the Philippines. It started when the Battle of Manila Bay occurred. The Secretary of the Navy of the United States of America ordered George Dewey to send his fleet to Manila Bay to fight with the Spanish soldiers because during that time, the Philippines was under the Spanish Rule. They had a fake battle, also called the mock battle, because the Spanish bureaucracy knew that they could not win the war. Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino general and independence leader, returned to the Philipp ines from his visit to Hong Kong to support the American troops. He trusted the Que 4 Americans that they would help them get their independence back from the Spanish Rule. When the U.S. fleet succeeded, they went to the capitol and replaced the Spanish flag with the American flag. They also didnt allow Emilio Aguinaldo to enter the city of Manila. Thats when he thought that something was wrong, and the Americans couldnt be trusted. The Americans fooled Emilio Aguinaldo, which led to the Philippine-American War. Hypocrisy played its role in these two events. The Americans had their ulterior motives and plans before doing something like helping the people gain their independence or have the pensionados get their education. Aside from pensionados, laborers also migrated to California under the contract system where they agreed to work as farmers. Most of the Pinoys worked as farmers in California in the San Joaquin Valley, Salinas, and Sacramento. Some became factory workers in the Alaskan fishing and cannery industries, while others took low-paying custodian, busboy, and domestic service jobs. This second wave of migration eventually led to an excess labor supply. The second wave began from 1906 with a heavy concentration going into California and Hawaii. When the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association (HPSA) needed more agricultural labor workers, they sent recruiters to the Philippines to set up recruitment centers in Vigan, Illocos Sur and Cebu. There they hired sugar cane plantation workers known as Sakadas, who unsurprisingly worked for cheap labor. In 1906, fifteen Sakadas were shipped to Hawaii (Garcia). At first, the migrants who mostly spoke Tagalog were hesitant to go, out of fear and due to the long travel which they perceived to be dangerous. Upon their deployment and after their settlement, however, they encouraged other Filipinos to follow their footsteps and told them that their migration had been successful. Through their labor, many were able to save money to send back home as a way to support their relatives and help improve their living conditions. The second wave of Filipino Que 5 immigrants that stepped into Hawaii helps explain the high Filipino-American population that still exists there today. The US colonization of the Philippines from 1900 up to 1934 had a tremendous impact on Philippine immigration. Filipinos went to the process of mass migration. As Filipinos became US nationals and were given the opportunity to live legally in the US under the protection of its law and constitution. Demand for labor on Hawaiian plantations and California farmlands attracted thousands of Filipino immigrants known as Sakadas who came mostly from the provinces of Ilocos and Cebu to replace the Japanese work force who intended to leave the Hawaiian plantations. Although the Sakadas came to Hawaii as American Nationals, they were not given full rights as American citizens and were the first Filipino Americans to experience racial discrimination and cultural oppression. The Pinoys had the most extensive experience with racial discrimination resulting from changes in immigration policies, anti-miscegenation laws and oppressive farm management practices. Many migrant families lived in poverty and children were forced to get educated, speak English only, and mainstream quickly. About the anti-miscegenation laws, some Filipino older adults and family caregivers may have been part of this group. In 1934 the US Federal law known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act was passed to limit Filipino migration. (Immigration History). The Tydings-McDuffie Act is also known as the Philippine Commonwealth and Independence Act. It was enacted on March 24, 1934. The law was supported by Maryland Senator Millard E. Tydings and Alabama Representative John McDuffie, hence the name of the Act. This federal law gave self-government and independence to the Philippines. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed it and it was sent to the Philippine Senate for approval. Although the Tydings-McDuffie Act was enacted in 1934, the Que 6 law states that Filipino independence will only take effect on July 4, 1946 after a transitional period of ten years. The Act provided the draft and guidelines for a Constitution which formed the foundation of the government in the Philippines before granting their independence. The Filipinos elected their own delegates for a mandatory constitutional convention on July 10, and Roosevelt approved the Philippine constitution on March 23, 1935. The Commonwealth government was inaugurated in November 1935 under the presidency of Manuel Quezon. The law reclassified all Filipinos in America as aliens for the purposes of immigration to America. Filipinos werent American nationals anymore and they couldnt longer work legally in the US. The support for Philippine independence was highly supported by the white American citizens mostly because of their discontentment with the rapid immigration of Filipino agricultural laborers. After the Spanish-American war in 1898, the Philippines became an A merican territory. Filipinos were able to enter the U.S. as American nationals. They entered jobs that werent that attractive to white such as home care, dishwashers, janitors, and other service occupations that dont need a college degree or some education. With that, the fear of their growing numbers around nativists are becoming similar to those against the Japanese and Chinese. The rise of unemployment during the depression of the 1930s and the development of Filipino labor activism created widespread opposition to Filipino immigration, especially in California where the concentration of the Filipino population is high. The Tydings-McDuffie Act was a legal cover for Filipino exclusion in America, similar to the Chinese Exclusion Act. If the Philippines was an independent country, then the Filipinos will no longer have unrestricted access into America. This would also mean that they were not white and could not attain naturalized citizenship. This law was later offset by the US Na vys recruitment of Filipino Americans who Que 7 were exempt from such law. The Filipinos were actually put in a worse position compared to the Chinese and Japanese who were excluded as well. Chinese merchants were able to bring their wives, also with Japanese family members and their wives, they were also exempted from the restrictions of the Gentlemens Agreement. The only exemptions that the Act had allowed Hawaiian employers to continue importing Filipino laborers whenever they needed them and the U.S. was able to recruit Filipinos into the Navy (Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934). This also marked the beginning of the third wave of Filipino immigration during 1945-1965. Filipinos from the Philippines noined the U.S. Navy to fight against the Japanese. Filipinos were allowed to join the U.S. Navy because they were so-called Nationals. They were not U.S. citizens, nor were they illegal aliens. The Filipinos became stewards for the navy. As stewards, Filipinos in the U.S. Navy cooked, cleaned, shined, washed, and swabbed the decks of n aval ships and naval bases across America and the entire world. Despite their status, Filipinos fought side-by-side with American soldiers for freedom against the Japanese. During the period of 1935-1965, some Filipino women and families immigrated to the U.S. They were a combination of US military dependents or war brides, World War II veterans, professionals, and students. The fourth wave of Filipino immigration began after the passing of the Immigration Act of 1965 that continues to the present day. This allowed the entry of as many as 20,000 immigrants annually. (Filipino American History) The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 permitted many Asian residents in the US, including Filipino Americans, to apply for citizenship. The law also gave those who had served honorably for three years in the US Armed Forces the opportunity to become eligible for naturalization. Filipino Americans during this period experienced significant economic exploitation and social injustice despit e their contributions to American society. The Filipino Que 8 American community became more diverse during this period due to the immigration of highly educated professionals, mostly in the health care field. Some example would be nurses, doctors and medical technologists. The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, which liberalized immigration laws, made it possible to sponsor other family members such as minor children, spouses, unmarried and married adult sons and daughters, and parents of adult US citizens. Similarly, a high proportion of international students were enrolled in American universities (Immigration History). Many Filipinos have experienced the Brain Drain in exchange of the American Dream, it consisted of professional like doctors, lawyers, nurses, engineers, as well as the military of Filipinos who continued to join the navy off Sangeley Point in Cavite City, Philippines. From the first to the fourth wave of Filipino Immigration, evidently Filipinos have been in America for quite some time, yet one must persistently ask who a re the Filipino Americans? Who are they and what have they done? Perhaps it would be better to ask: What is it about Filipino-Americans that make them appear different, yet one and the same? (Filipino American History) Most of the immigrants were welcomed with open arms but even before they came to their destination here in the United States, they thought that the U.S is a land of opportunity. However, that wasnt the case when they arrived in the U.S. because the opportunities, the jobs that were given to the immigrants were hard and they were paid very low. Some immigrants stayed temporarily but some returned to their own country with their savings that they have acquired working in the United States. However, more immigrants chose the path of staying in the U.S. and have not given up looking for a better life. They permanently left their own country Que 9 and became hopeful that they could find a new world in the United States. All these led to the famous term of the American Dream. American Dream, who wouldnt have known The American Dream. A lot of Filipinos dreamt of living and working in the United States of America for greener pasture. Even until now there are still a lot of Filipinos who are still trying to go through a crowd in the U.S Embassy in the Philippines just to have a U.S Visa. Filipinos believed that living and working in the U.S will give them a brighter future not only to them, but also to their families as well. Filipinos have always pursued the American Dream. It is a proof of which today is that Filipinos are now the second largest Asian group in the United States, according to the latest census bureau report. The number of Americans who have identified themselves as Filipino, either alone or in combination with another race, totaled 3.4 million, the report showed. The total number is believed to be much higher than the census count. There are an estimated one million undocumented Filipinos in the United States. Census officials attributed t he fast growth of the Filipino population to immigration. California, known as the gateway for Asian immigrants, had the largest population of Asian Americans, with close to 6 million, or nearly a third of the total nationwide (Rueda). The family values of reunification, interdependence, social cohesiveness and collectivism continue to persist within the Filipino American community despite the existence of socio-economic and health care disparities and racism. People typically migrate to the United States to acquire a better future for them. Filipinos perseverely chase the chance of acquiring the American Dream. Filipinos left their country by choice for economic necessity. However, acquiring the American Dream in America will require Que 10 adapting to a new culture including but not limited to values, religions needs and most importantly learning English as a secondary language. Filipinos have an advantage in assimilating to America since their history consists of American influence. The Filipino experience of chasing the American Dream is a long and winding road. Filipinos chose to chase it from 1865 to 1945, and up to the present. Success in life is risking everything, even culture and tradition. Filipinos may have the advantage of the English tongue and adaptation in a new environment, but can a Filipino still identify where he is from if a Filipino already learned how to forget where he came from? The sad reality is like a childs adoption. As the child is young, he will never know his identity until he grows or until the parents teach the child. The biological mother will be forgotten and the adopting mother will be in the place of the childs heart. When a Filipino leaves the Philippines, it is a one step in forget ting where a Filipino truly came from or what he truly was. Que 11 Works Cited Filipino Immigrants in the US (1865-1945) Baldwin, James. Many Thousands Gone. Notes of a Native Son. Boston: Beacon, 1955. Print. 31 Oct. 2012 Filipino American History. Filipino American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Immigration History. ECampus Geriatrics. Stanford School of Medicine, n.d. Web. Le, C.N. 2012. The First Asian Americans Asian-Nation: The Landscape of Asian America. Web. 31 Oct. 2012 Magat, Arianne Philippines from 1900-1915 The First Wave of Filipino Migration to the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Garcia, Arturo P. A Brief History: Filipino Immigrants in the United States. Out of the Shadows, into the Streets. Liberation News. N.p., 24 Aug. 2007. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Hall, Stuart. Who needs identity. Questions of cultural identity 16.2 (1996): 1-17. Web. 31 Oct. 2012 Rueda, Nimfa U. Filipinos 2nd Largest Asian Group in US, Census Shows.Inquirer Global Nation. Inquirer, 25 Mar. 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. The Rise of Asian Americans. Pew Research Center. N.p., 19 June 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934. Asian American Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2012. U.S. Filipinos Highlight Immigrant Rights on May Day. AsianWeek: The Voice of Asian America. AsianWeek, 1 May 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.